Highway Capacity Manual

Saturation Flow Rate vs Lane Utilization Factor
Traffic Engineering, Trainings, Transportation Planning

Lane Utilization Factor and Saturation Flow Rate in Signalized Intersections

When performing signalized intersection analysis in tools such as Synchro or HCS, two commonly misunderstood parameters are Lane Utilization Factor (LUF) and Saturation Flow Rate (s). Both directly influence delay, capacity, and level of service calculations under the framework of the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). This article provides a clear technical explanation of both terms […]

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Effective Green
Traffic Engineering, Trainings, Transportation Planning

Green Time vs Effective Green Time: What’s the Difference?

Signalized intersections are at the heart of urban mobility. To optimize traffic flow, planners and engineers must understand key signal timing concepts—two of the most important being Green Time and Effective Green Time. Although they sound similar, they serve different purposes in capacity analysis and signal design. This post explains both terms, highlights the differences,

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