In road design, traffic load isn’t just about how many vehicles pass each day — it’s about how much stress those vehicles place on the pavement over time. That’s where ESALs come in. If you’re involved in pavement design, planning, or construction, understanding Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs) is essential. This article explains what ESALs […]
Designing a durable and cost-effective road starts with a strong pavement foundation. In Pakistan, flexible pavement remains the most common choice for urban roads, highways, and access streets. But how do engineers determine the thickness of each pavement layer — from subgrade to asphalt? This article walks you through the basics of flexible pavement design
Fleet sizing is a foundational step in designing any public transportation system—whether it’s for buses, trains, or trams. Determining the right number of vehicles ensures that service levels are reliable, operational costs are optimized, and passenger demand is met throughout the day. In this article, we’ll explore how to calculate fleet size for public transit
Synchro, a traffic signal optimization and simulation software by Trafficware (now part of Cubic), is only in right-hand drive (RHD) orientation, so its a common problem for traffic engineers analysing networks in Left hand drive countries, making them default to other software such as SIDRA or Vistro. Why Synchro is Preferred Despite RHD Limitation Synchro
